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Updated means of egress and interior finish requirements, comprehensive roof provisions, seismic engineering provisions, innovative construction technology, revamped structural provisions, reorganized occupancy classifications, and the latest industry standards in material design.
Introduction
Internationally, code officials recognize the need for a modern, up-to-date building code addressing the design and installation of building systems through requirements emphasizing performance. The International Building Code, in this 2003 edition, is designed to meet these needs through model code regulations that safeguard the public health and safety in all communities, large and small.
This comprehensive building code establishes minimum regulations for building systems using prescriptive and performance-related provisions. It is founded on broad-based principles that make possible the use of new materials and new building designs. This 2003 edition is fully compatible with all the International Codes ("I-Codes") published by the International Code Council (ICC), including the ICC Electrical Code, International Energy7 Conservation Code, International Existing Building Code, International Fire Code, International Fuel Gas Code, International Mechanical Code, ICC Performance Code, International Plumbing Code, International Private Sewage Disposal Code, International Property, Maintenance Code, International Residential Code, International Urban-Wildland Interface Code and International Zoning code.
The International Building Code provisions provide many benefits, among which is the model code development process that offers an international forum for building professionals to discuss performance and prescriptive code requirements. This forum pro- vides an excellent arena to debate proposed revisions. This model code also encourages international consistency in the application of provisions.
Development
The first edition of the International Building Code (2000) was the culmination of an effort initiated in 1997 by the ICC. This included five drafting subcommittees appointed by ICC and consisting of representatives of the three statutory members of the Inter- national Code Council: Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA), International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) and Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI). The intent was to draft a comprehensive set of regulations for building systems consistent with and inclusive of the scope of the existing model codes. Technical content of the latest model codes promulgated by BOCA, ICBO and SBCCI was utilized as the basis for the development, followed by public hearings in 1997, 1998 and 1999 to consider proposed changes. This 2003 edition presents the code as originally issued, with changes approved through the ICC Code Development Process through 2002. A new edition such as this is promulgated every three years.
With the development and publication of the family of International Codes in 2000, the continued development and maintenance of the model codes individually promulgated by BOCA ("BOCA National Codes"), ICBO ("Uniform Codes") and SBCCI ("Standard Codes") was discontinued. This 2003 International Building Code, as well as its predecessor-the, 2000 edition, is intended to be the successor building code to those codes previously developed by BOCA, ICBO and SBCCI.
The development of a single set of comprehensive and coordinated family of International Codes was a significant milestone in the development of regulations for the built environment. The timing of this publication mirrors a milestone in the change in structure of the model codes, namely, the pending Consolidation of BOCA, ICBO and SBCCI into the ICC. The activities and services previously provided by the individual model code organizations will be the responsibility of the Consolidated ICC.
This code is founded on principles intended to establish provisions consistent with the scope of a building code that adequately protects public health, safety and welfare; provisions that do not unnecessarily increase construction costs; provisions that do not re- strict the use of new materials, products or methods of construction; and provisions that do not give preferential treatment to particular types or classes of materials, products or methods of construction.
Adoption
The International Building Code is available for adoption and use by jurisdictions internationally. Its use within a governmental jurisdiction is intended to be accomplished through adoption by reference in accordance with proceedings establishing the jurisdiction's laws. At the time of adoption, jurisdictions should insert the appropriate information in provisions requiring specific local in- formation. such as the name of the adopting jurisdiction. These locations are shown in bracketed words in small capital letters in the code and in the sample ordinance. The sample adoption ordinance on page v addresses several key elements of a code adoption ordinance, including the information required for insertion into the code text.
Maintenance
The International Building Code is kept up to date through the review of proposed changes submitted by code enforcing officials, industry representatives, design professionals and other interested parties. Proposed changes are carefully considered through an open code development process in which all interested and affected parties may participate.
The contents of this work are subject to change both through the Code Development Cycles and the governmental body that en- acts the code into law. For more information regarding the code development process, contact the Code and Standard Development Department of the International Code Council.
While the development procedure of the International Building Code assures the highest degree of care, ICC and the founding members of ICC-BOCA. ICBO, SBCCI-their members and those participating in the development of this code do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with the provisions because ICC and its founding members do not have the power or authority to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this code. Only the governmental body that enacts the code into law has such authority.
Letter Designations in Front of Section Numbers
In each code development cycle, proposed changes to this code are considered at the Code Development Hearing by the International Building, Code Development Committee, whose action constitutes a recommendation to the voting membership for final action on the proposed change. Proposed changes to a code section whose number begins with a letter in brackets are considered by a different code development committee. For instance, proposed changes to code sections which have the letter IF] in front (e.g., IF] 1001.3). are considered by the International Fire Code Development Committee at the Code Development Hearing. Where this designation is applicable to the entire content of a main section of the code, the designation appears at the main section number and title and is not repeated at every subsection in that section.
The content of sections in this code which begin with a letter designation is maintained by another code development committee in accordance with the following: [El = International Energy Conservation Code Development Committee; [EBI = International Existing Building Code Development Committee-, [EL] = ICC Electrical Code Development Committee; [F] = International Fire Code Development Committee. [M] = International Mechanical Code Development Committee; [PI = International Plumbing Code Development Committee, [PC] = ICC Performance Code Development Committee; [PM] = International Property Maintenance Code Development Committee; [RBEI = International Residential Code Building and Energy Development Committee; [RMPI = Inter- national Residential Code Mechanical/Plumbing Development Committee; [UWI = International Urban-Wildland Interface Code Development Committee; and [Z] = International Zonine, Code Development Committee.
Marginal Markings
Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical change from the requirements of the 2000 edition. Deletion indicators ( --> ) are provided in the margin where a paragraph or item has been deleted.
Chapter 10 user note: Chapter 10 of the code has been reorganized from the 2000 edition as a result of an approved code change proposal. This resulted in a renumbering of the chapter from nine sections to 25. The presentation of text predominantly follows that of the 2000 edition, however, the section numbers have been revised. Marginal markings are included at each section number but have not been included to reflect the subsection renumbering. A comprehensive 2000/2003 Chapter 10 section number cross index is posted on the ICC website at www.intlcode.org.
CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION, 1 Section 101 General, 1 102 Applicability, 1 103 Department of Building Safety, 2 104 Duties and Powers of Building Official, 2 105 Permits, 3 106 Construction Documents, 5 107 Temporary Structures and Uses, 6 108 Fees, 6 109 Inspections, 7 110 Certificate of Occupancy, 7 111 Service Utilities, 8 112 Board of Appeals, 8 113 Violations, 8 114 Stop Work Order, 8 115 Unsafe Structures and Equipment, 9
CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS, 11 Section 201 General, 11 202 Definitions, 11
CHAPTER 3 USE AND OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION, 23 Section 301 General, 23 302 Classification, 23 303 Assembly Group A, 24 304 Business Group B, 26 305 Educational Group E, 26 306 Factory Group F, 26 307 High-Hazard Group H, 27 308 Institutional Group I, 34 309 Mercantile Group M, 36 310 Residential Group R, 36 311 Storage Group S, 36 312 Utility and Miscellaneous Group U, 37
CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL DETAILED REQUIREMENTS BASED ON USE AND OCCUPANCY, 39 Section 401 Scope, 39 402 Covered Mall Buildings, 39 403 High-Rise Buildings, 41 404 Atriums, 43 405 Underground Buildings, 43 406 Motor-Vehicle-Related Occupancies, 44 407 Group 1-2, 48 408 Group 1-3, 49 409 Motion Picture Projection Rooms, 50 410 Stages and Platforms, 51 411 Special Amusement Buildings, 53 412 Aircraft-Related Occupancies, 54 413 Combustible Storage, 55 414 Hazardous Materials, 56 415 Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5, 59 416 Application of Flammable Finishes, 71 417 Drying Rooms, 72 418 Organic Coatings, 72
CHAPTER 5 GENERAL BUILDING HEIGHTS AND AREAS, 73 Section 501 General, 73 502 Definitions, 73 503 General Height and Area Limitations, 73 504 Height Modifications, 75 505 Mezzanines, 75 506 Area Modifications, 76 507 Unlimited Area Buildings, 76 508 Special Provisions, 77
CHAPTER 6 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION, 81 Section 601 General, 81 602 Construction Classification, 81 603 Combustible Material in Types I and II Construction, 82
CHAPTER 7 FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION, 85 Section 701 General, 85 702 Definitions, 85 703 Fire-Resistance Ratings and Fire Tests, 86 704 Exterior Walls, 87 705 Fire Walls, 90 706 Fire Barriers, 92 707 Shaft Enclosures, 93 708 Fire Partitions, 95 709 Smoke Barriers, 96 710 Smoke Partitions, 96 711 Horizontal Assemblies, 96 712 Penetrations, 97 713 Fire-resistant Joint Systems, 99 714 Fire-resistance Rating of Structural Members, 99 715 Opening Protectives, 100 716 Ducts and Air Transfer Openings, 103 717 Concealed Spaces, 107 718 Fire-resistance Requirements for Plaster, 108 719 Thermal- and Sound-Insulating Materials, 109 720 Prescriptive Fire Resistance, 109 721 Calculated Fire Resistance, 110
CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISHES, 157 Section 801 General, 157 802 Definitions, 157 803 Wall and Ceiling Finishes, 157 804 Interior Floor Finish, 160 805 Decorations and Trim, 160
CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS, 163 Section 901 General, 163 902 Definitions, 163 903 Automatic Sprinkler Systems, 166 904 Alternative Automatic Fire-Extinguishing Systems, 170 905 Standpipe Systems, 171 906 Portable Fire Extinguishers, 173 907 Fire Alarm and Detection Systems, 173 908 Emergency Alarm Systems, 180 909 Smoke Control Systems, 181 910 Smoke and Heat Vents, 189 911 Fire Command Center, 191
CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS, 193 Section 1001 Administration, 193 1002 Definitions, 193 1003 General Means of Egress, 194 1004 Occupant Load, 195 1005 Egress Width, 196 1006 Means of Egress Illumination, 197 1007 Accessible Means of Egress, 197 1008 Doors. Gates and Turnstiles, 199 1009 Stairways and Handrails204 1010 Ramps, 206 1011 Exit Signs, 207 1012 Guards, 208 1013 Exit Access, 209 1014 Exit and Exit Access Doorways, 210 1015 Exit Access Travel Distance, 211 1016 Corridors, 212 1017 Exits, 213 1018 Number of Exits and Continuity, 213 1019 Vertical Exit Enclosures, 214 1020 Exit Passageways, 216 1021 Horizontal Exits, 216 1022 Exterior Exit Ramps and Stairways, 217 1023 Exit Discharge, 217 1024 Assembly, 219 1025 Emergency Escape and Rescue, 223
CHAPTER 11 ACCESSIBILITY, 225 Section 1101 General, 225 1102 Definitions, 225 1103 Scoping Requirements, 225 1104 Accessible Route, 226 1105 Accessible Entrances, 227 1106 Parking and Passenger Loading Facilities, 228 1107 Dwelling Units and Sleeping Units, 228 1108 Special Occupancies, 231 1109 Other Features and Facilities, 233 1110 Signage, 236
CHAPTER 12 INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT, 239 Section 1201 General, 239 1202 Definitions, 239 1203 Ventilation, 239 1204 Temperature Control, 240 1205 Lighting, 240 1206 Yards or Courts, 241 1207 Sound Transmission, 241 1208 Interior Space Dimensions, 241 1209 Access to Unoccupied Spaces, 242 1210 Surrounding Materials, 242
CHAPTER 13 ENERGY EFFICIENCY, 243 Section 1301 General, 243
CHAPTER 14 EXTERIOR WALLS, 245 Section 1401 General, 245 1402 Definitions, 245 1403 Performance Requirements, 245 1404 Materials, 246 1405 Installation of Wall Coverings, 246 1406 Combustible Materials on the Exterior Side of Exterior Walls, 250 1407 Metal Composite Materials (MCM), 251
CHAPTER 15 ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP STRUCTURES, 253 Section 1501 General, 253 1502 Definitions, 253 1503 Weather Protection, 253 1504 Performance Requirements, 254 1505 Fire Classification, 254 1506 Materials, 255 1507 Requirements for Roof Coverings, 255 1508 Roof Insulation, 264 1509 Rooftop Structures, 264 1510 Reroofing, 265
CHAPTER 16 STRUCTURAL DESIGN, 267 Section 1601 General, 267 1602 Definitions, 267 1603 Construction Documents, 269 1604 General Design Requirements, 270 1605 Load Combinations, 273 1606 Dead Loads, 274 1607 Live Loads, 274 1608 Snow Loads, 279 1609 Wind Loads, 283 1610 Soil Lateral Load, 298 1611 Rain Loads, 298 1612 Flood Loads, 299 1613 Earthquake Loads Definitions, 301 1614 Earthquake Loads-General, 302 1615 Earthquake Loads-Site Ground Motion, 303 1616 Earthquake Loads-Criteria Selection, 325 1617 Earthquake Loads-Minimum Design Lateral Force and Related Effects, 329 1618 Dynamic Analysis Procedure for the Seismic Design of Buildings, 338 1619 Earthquake Loads Soil-Structure Interaction Effects, 338 1620 Earthquake Loads-Design, Detailing Requirements and Structural Component Load Effects, 338 1621 Architectural. Mechanical and Electrical Component Seismic Design Requirements, 342 1622 Nonbuilding Structures Seismic Design Requirements, 342 1623 Seismically Isolated Structures, 343
CHAPTER 17 STRUCTURAL TESTS AND SPECIAL INSPECTIONS, 345 Section 1701 General, 345 1702 Definitions, 345 1703 Approvals, 345 1704 Special Inspections, 346 1705 Quality Assurance for Seismic Resistance, 353 1706 Quality Assurance for Wind Requirements, 354 1707 Special Inspections for Seismic Resistance, 355 1708 Structural Testing for Seismic Resistance, 356 1709 Structural Observations, 357 1710 Design Strengths of Materials, 357 1711 Alternative Test Procedure, 357 1712 Test Safe Load, 357 1713 In-Situ Load Tests, 358 1714 Preconstruction Load Tests, 358 1715 Material and Test Standards, 359
CHAPTER 18 SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS, 361 Section 1801 General, 361 1802 Foundation and Soils Investigations, 361 1803 Excavation, Grading and Fill, 362 1804 Allowable Load-Bearing Values of Soils, 363 1805 Footings and Foundations, 364 1806 Retaining Walls, 372 1807 Dampproofing and Waterproofing, 372 1808 Pier and Pile Foundations, 373 1809 Driven Pile Foundations, 378 1810 Cast-in-Place Concrete Pile Foundations, 381 1811 Composite Piles, 384 1812 Pier Foundations385
CHAPTER 19 CONCRETE, 387 Section 1901 General, 387 1902 Definitions, 387 1903 Specifications for Tests and Materials, 388 1904 Durability Requirements, 389 1905 Concrete Quality, Mixing and Placing, 392 1906 Formwork, Embedded Pipes and Construction Joints, 394 1907 Details of Reinforcement, 395 1908 Modifications to ACI 318, 397 1909 Structural Plain Concrete, 398 1910 Seismic Design Provisions, 399 1911 Minimum Slab Provisions, 400 1912 Anchorage to Concrete-Allowable Stress Design, 400 1913 Anchorage to Concrete-Strength Design, 401 1914 Shortcrete, 401 1915 Reinforced Gypsum Concrete, 402 1916 Concrete-Filled Pipe Columns, 403
CHAPTER 20 ALUMINUM, 405 Section 2001 General, 405 2002 Materials, 405
CHAPTER 21 MASONRY, Section 2101 General, 407 2102 Definitions and Notations, 407 2103 Masonry Construction Materials, 410 2104 Construction, 414 2105 Quality Assurance, 416 2106 Seismic Design, 417 2107 Working Stress Design, 418 2108 Strength Design of Masonry, 419 2109 Empirical Design of Masonry, 419 2110 Glass Unit Masonry, 425 2111 Masonry Fireplaces, 427 2112 Masonry Heaters, 431 2113 Masonry Chimneys, 431
CHAPTER 22 STEEL, 437 Section 2201 General, 437 2202 Definitions and Nomenclature, 437 2203 Identification and Protection of Steel for Structural Purposes, 437 2204 Connections, 437 2205 Structural Steel, 439 2206 Steel Joists, 439 2207 Steel Cable Structures, 439 2208 Steel Storage Racks, 439 2209 Cold-Formed Steel, 439 2210 Cold-Formed Steel Light Framed Construction, 440 2211 Cold-Formed Steel Light-Framed Shear Walls, 440
CHAPTER 23 WOOD, 445 Section 2301 General, 445 2302 Definitions, 445 2303 Minimum Standards and Quality, 446 2304 General Construction Requirements, 449 2305 General Design Requirements for Lateral-Force-Resisting Systems, 457 2306 Allowable Stress Design, 463 2307 Load and Resistance Factor Design, 470 2308 Conventional Light-Frame Construction, 472
CHAPTER 24 GLASS AND GLAZING, 515 Section 2401 General, 515 2402 Definitions, 515 2403 General Requirements for Glass, 515 2404 Wind, Snow, Seismic and Dead Loads on Glass, 515 2405 Sloped Glazing and Skylights, 523 2406 Safety Glazing, 524 2407 Glass in Handrails and Guards, 526 2408 Glazing in Athletic Facilities, 526 2409 Glass in Floors and Sidewalks, 526
CHAPTER 25 GYPSUM BOARD AND PLASTER, 529 Section 2501 General, 529 2502 Definitions, 529 2503 Inspection, 529 2504 Vertical and Horizontal Assemblies, 529 2505 Shear Wall Construction, 529 2506 Gypsum Board Materials, 530 2507 Lathing and Plastering, 530 2508 Gypsum Construction, 530 2509 Gypsum Board in Showers and Water Closets, 531 2510 Lathing and Furring for Cement Plaster (Stucco), 532 2511 Interior Plaster, 532 2512 Exterior Plaster, 533 2513 Exposed Aggregate Plaster, 533
CHAPTER 26 PLASTIC, 535 Section 2601 General, 535 2602 Definitions, 535 2603 Foam Plastic Insulation, 535 2604 Interior Finish and Trim, 538 2605 Plastic Veneer, 538 2606 Light-Transmitting Plastics, 538 2607 Light-Transmitting Plastic Wall Panels, 539 2608 Light-Transmitting Plastic Glazing, 540 2609 Light-Transmitting Plastic Roof Panels, 540 2610 Light-Transmitting Plastic Skylight Glazing, 541 2611 Light-Transmitting Plastic Interior Signs, 542
CHAPTER 27 ELECTRICAL, 543 Section 2701 General, 543 2702 Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 543
CHAPTER 28 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, 545 Section 2801 General, 545
CHAPTER 29 PLUMBING SYSTEMS, 547 Section 2901 General, 547 2902 Minimum Plumbing Facilities, 547
CHAPTER 30 ELEVATORS AND CONVEYING SYSTEMS, 551 Section 3001 General, 551 3002 Hoistway Enclosures, 551 3003 Emergency Operations, 551 3004 Hoistway Venting, 552 3005 Conveying Systems, 552 3006 Machine Rooms, 553
CHAPTER 31 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION, 555 Section 3101 General, 555 3102 Membrane Structures, 555 3103 Temporary Structures, 556 3104 Pedestrian Walkways and Tunnels, 556 3105 Awnings and Canopies, 557 3106 Marquees, 558 3107 Signs, 558 3108 Radio and Television Towers, 558 3109 Swimming Pool Enclosures and Safety Devices 558
CHAPTER 32 ENCROACHMENTS INTO THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY, 561 Section 3201 General, 561 3202 Encroachments, 561
CHAPTER 33 SAFEGUARDS DURING CONSTRUCTION, 563 Section 3301 General, 563 3302 Construction Safeguards, 563 3303 Demolition, 563 3304 Site Work, 563 3305 Sanitary, 563 3306 Protection of Pedestrians, 563 3307 Protection of Adjoining Property, 565 3308 Temporary Use of Streets, Alleys and Public Property, 565 3309 Fire Extinguishers, 565 3310 Exits, 565 3311 Standpipes, 565 3312 Automatic Sprinkler System, 566
CHAPTER 34 EXISTING STRUCTURES, 567 Section 3401 General, 567 3402 Definitions, 567 3403 Additions, Alterations or Repairs, 567 3404 Fire Escapes, 567 3405 Glass Replacement, 568 3406 Change of Occupancy, 568 3407 Historic Buildings, 568 3408 Moved Structures, 568 3409 Accessibility for Existing Buildings, 568 3410 Compliance Alternatives, 570
CHAPTER 35 REFERENCED STANDARDS, 579
APPENDIX A EMPLOYEE QUALIFICATIONS, 597 Section A101 Building Official Qualifications, 597 A102 Referenced Standards, 597
APPENDIX B BOARD OF APPEALS, 599 Section B101 General, 599
APPENDIX C GROUP U-AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS, 601 Section C101 General, 601 C102 Allowable Height and Area, 601 C103 Mixed Occupancies, 601 C104 Exits, 601
APPENDIX D FIRE DISTRICTS, 603 Section D101General, 603 D102 Building Restrictions, 603 D103 Changes to Buildings, 604 D104 Buildings Located Partially in the Fire District, 604 D105 Exceptions to Restrictions in Fire District, 604 D106 Referenced Standards, 605
APPENDIX E SUPPLEMENTARY ACCESSIBILITY REQUIREMENTS, 607 Section E101 General, 607 E102 Definitions, 607 E103 Accessible Route, 607 E104 Special Occupancies, 607 E105 Other Features and Facilities, 608 E106 Telephones, 608 E107 Signage, 609 E108 Bus Stops, 610 E109 Transportation Facilities and Stations, 610 E110 Airports, 611 E111 Qualified Historic Buildings and Facilities, 611 E112 Referenced Standards, 612
APPENDIX F RODENT PROOFING, 613 Section F101 General, 613
APPENDIX G FLOOD-RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION, 615 Section G101 Administration, 615 G102 Applicability, 615 G103 Powers and Duties, 615 G104 Permits, 616 G105 Variances, 616 G201 Definitions, 617 G301 Subdivisions, 618 G401 Site Improvement, 618 G501 Manufactured Homes, 618 G601 Recreational Vehicles, 618 G701 Tanks, 618 G702 Referenced Standards, 619
APPENDIX H SIGNS, 621 Section H101 General, 621 H102 Definitions, 621 H103 Location, 621 H104 Identification, 621 H105 Design and Construction, 621 H106 Electrical, 622 H107 Combustible Materials, 622 H108 Animated Devices, 622 H109 Ground Signs, 622 H110 Roof Signs, 623 H111 Wall Signs, 623 H112 Projecting Signs, 623 H113 Marquee Signs, 624 H114 Portable Signs, 624 H115 Referenced Standards, 624
APPENDIX I PATIO COVERS, 625 Section 1101 General, 625 1102 Definitions, 625 1103 Exterior Openings, 625 1104 Structural Provisions, 625
APPENDIX J GRADING, 627 J101General, 627 J102 Definitions, 627 J103 Permits Required, 627 J104 Permit Application and Submittals, 627 J105 Inspections, 628 J106 Excavations, 628 J107 Fills, 628 J108 Setbacks, 629 J109 Drainage and Terracing, 629 J11O Erosion Control, 630 J111 Referenced Standards, 630
INDEX, 631
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